Harvesting Herbs

WILD-HARVESTING HERBS

Spring has officially sprung, and with its arrival brings the beginning of the wild-harvesting season. The coming of sun, rain and bird song is a welcome sign to many an herbalist. It speaks of new growth and bringing with it the amazing healing power that herbs have.

There is no better way to learn about and get to know our herbal friends, than through observing (and eventually harvesting) them in their natural environment. That being said, there is most certainly a right way and a wrong way of doing it.

Why Wild-Harvest?

Wild-harvesting your herbs is a lot of work and with an abundance of with dried herbs available at most health food stores, one may wonder why undertaking such a laborious task is necessary. My teacher often talks about the relationship an herbalist has with their herbs. He speaks of the importance of touching, tasting and observing the plants in their natural environment. The ultimate goal is the formation of a respectful relationship and an understanding of all plants that we use in our practice and our daily lives.

Before starting my classes at Living Earth School, I had taken some other herbalism courses through correspondences. Although their information was valuable, most of it was through books and websites. I spent much of my time memorizing and not understanding. My ability to truly appreciate herbs and their properties only came when I started working with them hands on. Being involved in the process from harvesting to tincture making gave me a deep respect for herbs and nature in general.

When you purchase dried herbs – even from a reputable source – it is unlikely that you will ever be able to see the environment in which those herbs were grown. Wild-harvesting gives allows you that ability. It also brings an element of control. Is the environment polluted? Do people abuse the land where the plant is growing?

Plants growing in their natural environment also tend to be hardier than those grown in a controlled setting like a garden. Even in larger commercial gardens, the herbs are planted in the optimal soil, with the optimal lighting conditions and are given water a regular basis – basically, they are pampered. They have never had to struggle for survival. Think about “survival of the fittest”. Herbs in the wild have had to fight to live – through adverse soil conditions, possible drought or flooding, insects and other creatures. Those that survive are stronger and therefore have the strongest properties.

Know Your Herbs

Identification
I cannot stress the importance of this enough. Not all herbs are alike and many have toxic side effects. A misidentification could mean the difference between life and death. My goal is not to scare you off from wild-harvesting – instead I invite you to learn everything you can about a plant before you go out and harvest it.

For anyone who is considering wild-harvesting plants of any kind (or just simply has an interest) I recommend purchasing at least one (but preferably more) wildflower identification guides. If used correctly they will allow you to properly identify the plant in question. This does take some practice, but with time you could be at a 90-95% success rate. A list of book suggestions can be found below.

I also recommend signing up for some local herb walks or herb identification courses. Bring along a notebook and a camera. Take notes on the herbs you’re interested in and take photos for reference later on.

When it comes to flower/herb/plant identification there are two simple rules:

• If you don’t know what it is – DON’T TOUCH IT

• If you don’t know how it’s used – DON’T HARVEST IT

Medicinal Uses and Parts Used
Before heading off into the wilderness with your handy dandy books and your knife you must also know why you’re harvesting in the first place. Is it for food, for medicine or for drying herbs to make tea? Whatever the case may be it’s wise to know the properties of a plant (and their possible related toxicity) prior to harvesting it.

It’s also important to know which parts of the plants are traditionally used. For some herbs you will only use the flowers, others perhaps the root or rhizome. Being armed with this information is essential to successful harvesting. There would be nothing worse than arriving home with a bunch of leaves and flowers only to discover that the berries were traditionally used.

When to Harvest

Each herb has an optimal time in which it should be harvested. As a rule of thumb, if you are harvesting flowers and/or leaves, it is usually at the beginning of its flowering period. If you are harvesting roots, it tends to be in the fall (October to November). These, however, are just generalizations.

Sustainable/Ecological Harvesting

I would be amiss as a future herbalist to not discuss the proper and ecological way to wild-harvest herbs. Overharvesting plants of any kind is nothing but disastrous to the plant population and the surrounding ecosystem. When wild-harvesting it is always best to err on the side of caution. Here are some general guidelines to think about when you’re out in the field.

• Never harvest anything you don't need or plan on using. Also never harvest more than you need.

• The herb should not be rare or endangered. It should be common and abundant, not only in the area you are harvesting, but in the surrounding region as well.

• Only harvest from a plant if it (and the rest of the herbs in the area) look healthy. Just as people are susceptible to disease, so are plants. Rainy harvesting seasons can also cause mildew to form on some herbs. Watch out for this as well.

• Never take more than 5-10% of the plants in a particular area. More than this could stress out the species and decrease its chances for successful reproduction for the following year. Also, many plants spread by rhizome and if you harvest too much you risk killing the entire colony.

• If it looks like someone has been harvesting in the area before you – don’t harvest there. This may seem like a strict rule, but if you take 10% and the person before you takes 10% and the person after you... well you get the idea.

• Avoid harvesting the same herb from the same location every year. Give the species at least 2-3 years to recover and then go back to that area.

• Unless you grow it yourself you shouldn’t harvest in cities or other urban areas. They tend to be polluted and dirty. Also be wary of harvesting locations near farms – you don’t know what kinds of sprays and pesticides they may be using.

• Do not harvest from provincial parks and conservation land – it’s illegal.

What You Will Need

Each wild-harvester has their own method to harvesting. Tricks of the trade and individual flare will come with time and experience. Whenever I go harvesting I always have the following with me. Some of the items are essential (in my opinion) and others are just super duper extras!

• 2-3 identification guides
• A knife
• A compass and/or map of harvesting location
• Paper bags

• Camera

• Spring scale *

My teacher recommended the purchase of a spring scale and it has been a life saver! It is impossible for me to tell if I have 10 grams of an herb or 50! I am very careful to not harvest more than I need and the spring scale allows me to measure my herbs with relative accuracy while I’m out in the field. I always take a few extra grams to be sure and I’ve never arrived at home short! Here is where I purchased mine: Efston Science


Book Suggestions
Identification Guides

• Newcomb’s Wildflower Guide – Lawrence Newcomb

• Peterson Field Guides – Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants and Herbs – Steven Foster & James A. Duke

• The ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario – Timothy Dickinson, Deborah Metsger, Jenny Bull & Richard Dickinson

Herbal Information Books

• Earthwise Herbal Series – Matthew Wood
• Holistic Herbal – David Hoffman
• Medicinal Herbalism – David Hoffman
• New Encylopedia of Herbs & Their Uses – Deni Bown
• Prescription for Herbal Healing – Phyllis A. Balch

Thanks for reading! If you have any questions at all please don’t hesitate to email me or leave a comment.

Happy harvesting,

Correne